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Feeds and speeds for Hardwood

Hardwood gives clean edges and crisp detail, but needs smaller depths of cut than softwood. For example: Beech, oak, maple, walnut.

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The most common bits

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
End mill Ø 1 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	300	90	0.35	0.007
End mill Ø 2 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	540	160	0.7	0.015
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
End mill Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.2	0.037
Compression bit Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
Compression bit Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
Ball nose Ø 1 mm2 flutes	20,000	240	70	0.35	0.006
Ball nose Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	690	210	1.1	0.019
Ball nose Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,080	320	2.2	0.03
Tapered ball nose R 0.25 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	20,000	210	60	0.7	0.005
V-bit 60° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 60° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Twist drill Ø 3 mm	10,000	230	230	6	–
Corn cob bit Ø 1 mm	20,000	150	50	0.35	–
Corn cob bit Ø 2 mm	18,000	270	80	0.7	–
Surfacing bit Ø 25.4 mm3 flutes	14,000	1,580	470	0.5	0.038

Starting values without guarantee. Machine, spindle, clamping and bit condition all affect the right values.

All 130 bits for Hardwood

End mill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
End mill Ø 0.8 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	240	70	0.3	0.006
End mill Ø 1 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	300	90	0.35	0.007
End mill Ø 1.2 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	360	110	0.4	0.009
End mill Ø 1.5 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	410	120	0.5	0.011
End mill Ø 2 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	540	160	0.7	0.015
End mill Ø 2 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	540	160	0.7	0.015
End mill Ø 2.5 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	680	200	0.9	0.019
End mill Ø 3 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	810	240	1.05	0.022
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 3.175 mm3 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,290	390	1.1	0.024
End mill Ø 4 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,080	320	1.4	0.03
End mill Ø 4 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,080	320	1.4	0.03
End mill Ø 5 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	1.75	0.037
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
End mill Ø 6 mm3 flutes · upcut	18,000	2,030	610	2.1	0.038
End mill Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.2	0.037
End mill Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.2	0.037
End mill Ø 8 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.8	0.037
End mill Ø 8 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,350	410	2.8	0.037

Compression bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Compression bit Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	860	260	1.1	0.024
Compression bit Ø 4 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,080	320	1.4	0.03
Compression bit Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
Compression bit Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.2	0.037
Compression bit Ø 8 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.8	0.037

Multi-flute end mill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Multi-flute end mill Ø 3 mm4 flutes · TiAlN coated	18,000	1,620	490	1.05	0.022
Multi-flute end mill Ø 4 mm4 flutes · TiAlN coated	18,000	2,160	650	1.4	0.03
Multi-flute end mill Ø 6 mm4 flutes · TiAlN coated	18,000	2,500	750	2.1	0.035

Straight bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Straight bit Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.1	0.037
Straight bit Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.2	0.037
Straight bit Ø 8 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,350	410	2.8	0.037
Straight bit Ø 10 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	3.5	0.037
Straight bit Ø 12 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	4	0.037
Straight bit Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	4	0.037

Ball nose

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Ball nose Ø 0.5 mm2 flutes	20,000	120	40	0.15	0.003
Ball nose Ø 1 mm2 flutes	20,000	240	70	0.35	0.006
Ball nose Ø 1.5 mm2 flutes	18,000	320	100	0.5	0.009
Ball nose Ø 2 mm2 flutes	18,000	430	130	0.7	0.012
Ball nose Ø 2.5 mm2 flutes	18,000	540	160	0.9	0.015
Ball nose Ø 3 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1.05	0.018
Ball nose Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	690	210	1.1	0.019
Ball nose Ø 4 mm2 flutes	18,000	860	260	1.4	0.024
Ball nose Ø 5 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,080	320	1.75	0.03
Ball nose Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,080	320	2.1	0.03
Ball nose Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,080	320	2.2	0.03
Ball nose Ø 8 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,080	320	2.8	0.03

Tapered ball nose

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Tapered ball nose R 0.25 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	20,000	210	60	0.7	0.005
Tapered ball nose R 0.5 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	18,000	380	110	1.4	0.011
Tapered ball nose R 0.75 mm3.2° · 2 flutes	18,000	570	170	1.5	0.016
Tapered ball nose R 0.25 mm5.4° · 2 flutes	18,000	190	60	0.7	0.005
Tapered ball nose R 0.5 mm4.8° · 2 flutes	18,000	380	110	1.4	0.011
Tapered ball nose R 1 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	18,000	760	230	1.5	0.021

V-bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
V-bit 30° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 45° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 60° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 120° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 60° Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	490	150	0.7	0.014
V-bit 60° Ø 12 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 12 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 60° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 120° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 60° Ø 19.05 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014
V-bit 90° Ø 19.05 mm2 flutes	14,000	380	110	0.7	0.014

Engraving bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Engraving bit 10°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 10°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 15°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 15°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.15 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 25°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.3 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 45°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 45°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 60°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 60°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 90°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008
Engraving bit 90°, tip 0.5 mm	18,000	140	40	0.2	0.008

Twist drill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Twist drill Ø 0.5 mm	10,000	40	40	1	–
Twist drill Ø 0.8 mm	10,000	60	60	1.5	–
Twist drill Ø 1 mm	10,000	80	80	2	–
Twist drill Ø 1.2 mm	10,000	90	90	2.5	–
Twist drill Ø 1.5 mm	10,000	110	110	3	–
Twist drill Ø 2 mm	10,000	150	150	4	–
Twist drill Ø 2.5 mm	10,000	190	190	5	–
Twist drill Ø 3 mm	10,000	230	230	6	–
Twist drill Ø 3.5 mm	10,000	260	260	7	–
Twist drill Ø 4 mm	10,000	300	300	8	–
Twist drill Ø 4.5 mm	10,000	340	340	9	–
Twist drill Ø 5 mm	10,000	380	380	10	–
Twist drill Ø 5.5 mm	10,000	410	410	11	–
Twist drill Ø 6 mm	10,000	450	450	12	–
Twist drill Ø 6.5 mm	10,000	490	490	13	–
Twist drill Ø 7 mm	10,000	530	530	14	–
Twist drill Ø 8 mm	10,000	600	600	16	–

Brad point drill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Brad point drill Ø 3 mm	10,000	230	230	6	–
Brad point drill Ø 4 mm	10,000	300	300	8	–
Brad point drill Ø 5 mm	10,000	380	380	10	–
Brad point drill Ø 6 mm	10,000	450	450	12	–
Brad point drill Ø 8 mm	10,000	600	600	16	–
Brad point drill Ø 10 mm	10,000	600	600	20	–

Corn cob bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Corn cob bit Ø 0.6 mm	20,000	90	30	0.2	–
Corn cob bit Ø 0.8 mm	20,000	120	40	0.3	–
Corn cob bit Ø 1 mm	20,000	150	50	0.35	–
Corn cob bit Ø 1.2 mm	20,000	180	50	0.4	–
Corn cob bit Ø 1.5 mm	18,000	200	60	0.5	–
Corn cob bit Ø 1.8 mm	18,000	240	70	0.65	–
Corn cob bit Ø 2 mm	18,000	270	80	0.7	–
Corn cob bit Ø 2.5 mm	18,000	340	100	0.9	–
Corn cob bit Ø 3 mm	18,000	410	120	1.05	–
Corn cob bit Ø 3.175 mm	18,000	430	130	1.1	–
Corn cob bit Ø 4 mm	18,000	540	160	1.4	–
Corn cob bit Ø 6 mm	18,000	680	200	2.1	–

Surfacing bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Surfacing bit Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	0.5	0.037
Surfacing bit Ø 15 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	0.5	0.037
Surfacing bit Ø 19.05 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	0.5	0.037
Surfacing bit Ø 22 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,050	320	0.5	0.037
Surfacing bit Ø 25.4 mm3 flutes	14,000	1,580	470	0.5	0.038
Surfacing bit Ø 25.4 mm3 flutes	14,000	1,580	470	0.5	0.038
Surfacing bit Ø 31.75 mm3 flutes	14,000	1,580	470	0.5	0.038
Surfacing bit Ø 38 mm3 flutes	14,000	1,580	470	0.5	0.038

What matters with Hardwood

Burn marks appear when the bit rubs instead of cutting: raise the feed rate rather than the spindle speed.
Oak and ash splinter at the edges: use a downcut or compression bit.
Beech and maple keep fine engravings particularly sharp, which is great for V-carving.
Clamp the workpiece firmly: hard woods pass on vibrations that later show as chatter marks.

Other materials

CNC feeds and speeds → · Router bit types explained →

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