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Feeds and speeds for Softwood

Softwood is forgiving but fibrous: where the bit cuts against the grain, fibres tend to stand up. For example: Spruce, pine, poplar.

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The most common bits

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
End mill Ø 1 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	400	120	0.5	0.01
End mill Ø 2 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	720	220	1	0.02
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
End mill Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	3.15	0.05
Single-flute end mill Ø 3.175 mm1 flute	18,000	570	170	1.6	0.032
Compression bit Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
Compression bit Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
Ball nose Ø 1 mm2 flutes	20,000	320	100	0.5	0.008
Ball nose Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	910	270	1.6	0.025
Ball nose Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,440	430	3.15	0.04
Tapered ball nose R 0.25 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	20,000	280	80	1	0.007
V-bit 60° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 60° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Twist drill Ø 3 mm	10,000	300	300	6	–
Surfacing bit Ø 25.4 mm3 flutes	14,000	2,100	630	0.5	0.05

Starting values without guarantee. Machine, spindle, clamping and bit condition all affect the right values.

All 124 bits for Softwood

End mill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
End mill Ø 0.8 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	320	100	0.4	0.008
End mill Ø 1 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	400	120	0.5	0.01
End mill Ø 1.2 mm2 flutes · upcut	20,000	480	140	0.6	0.012
End mill Ø 1.5 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	540	160	0.75	0.015
End mill Ø 2 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	720	220	1	0.02
End mill Ø 2 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	720	220	1	0.02
End mill Ø 2.5 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	900	270	1.25	0.025
End mill Ø 3 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,080	320	1.5	0.03
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 3.175 mm3 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,710	510	1.6	0.032
End mill Ø 4 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,440	430	2	0.04
End mill Ø 4 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,440	430	2	0.04
End mill Ø 5 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	2.5	0.05
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
End mill Ø 6 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
End mill Ø 6 mm3 flutes · upcut	18,000	2,500	750	3	0.046
End mill Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,800	540	3.15	0.05
End mill Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	3.15	0.05
End mill Ø 8 mm2 flutes · downcut	18,000	1,800	540	4	0.05
End mill Ø 8 mm2 flutes · upcut	18,000	1,800	540	4	0.05

Single-flute end mill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Single-flute end mill Ø 1.5 mm1 flute	18,000	270	80	0.75	0.015
Single-flute end mill Ø 2 mm1 flute	18,000	360	110	1	0.02
Single-flute end mill Ø 2.5 mm1 flute	18,000	450	140	1.25	0.025
Single-flute end mill Ø 3 mm1 flute	18,000	540	160	1.5	0.03
Single-flute end mill Ø 3.175 mm1 flute	18,000	570	170	1.6	0.032
Single-flute end mill Ø 4 mm1 flute	18,000	720	220	2	0.04
Single-flute end mill Ø 5 mm1 flute	18,000	900	270	2.5	0.05
Single-flute end mill Ø 6 mm1 flute	18,000	900	270	3	0.05
Single-flute end mill Ø 6.35 mm1 flute	18,000	900	270	3.15	0.05

Compression bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Compression bit Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,140	340	1.6	0.032
Compression bit Ø 4 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,440	430	2	0.04
Compression bit Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
Compression bit Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	3.15	0.05
Compression bit Ø 8 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	4	0.05

Straight bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Straight bit Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	3	0.05
Straight bit Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	3.15	0.05
Straight bit Ø 8 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,800	540	4	0.05
Straight bit Ø 10 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	4	0.05
Straight bit Ø 12 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	4	0.05
Straight bit Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	4	0.05

Ball nose

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Ball nose Ø 0.5 mm2 flutes	20,000	160	50	0.25	0.004
Ball nose Ø 1 mm2 flutes	20,000	320	100	0.5	0.008
Ball nose Ø 1.5 mm2 flutes	18,000	430	130	0.75	0.012
Ball nose Ø 2 mm2 flutes	18,000	580	170	1	0.016
Ball nose Ø 2.5 mm2 flutes	18,000	720	220	1.25	0.02
Ball nose Ø 3 mm2 flutes	18,000	860	260	1.5	0.024
Ball nose Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	910	270	1.6	0.025
Ball nose Ø 4 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,150	350	2	0.032
Ball nose Ø 5 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,440	430	2.5	0.04
Ball nose Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,440	430	3	0.04
Ball nose Ø 6.35 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,440	430	3.15	0.04
Ball nose Ø 8 mm2 flutes	18,000	1,440	430	4	0.04

Tapered ball nose

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Tapered ball nose R 0.25 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	20,000	280	80	1	0.007
Tapered ball nose R 0.5 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	18,000	500	150	1.5	0.014
Tapered ball nose R 0.75 mm3.2° · 2 flutes	18,000	760	230	1.5	0.021
Tapered ball nose R 0.25 mm5.4° · 2 flutes	18,000	250	80	1	0.007
Tapered ball nose R 0.5 mm4.8° · 2 flutes	18,000	500	150	1.5	0.014
Tapered ball nose R 1 mm3.6° · 2 flutes	18,000	1,010	300	1.5	0.028

V-bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
V-bit 30° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 45° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 60° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 120° Ø 3.175 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	0.9	0.018
V-bit 60° Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 6 mm2 flutes	18,000	650	200	1	0.018
V-bit 60° Ø 12 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 12 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 60° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 120° Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 60° Ø 19.05 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018
V-bit 90° Ø 19.05 mm2 flutes	14,000	500	150	1	0.018

Engraving bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Engraving bit 10°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 10°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 15°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 15°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.15 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 20°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 25°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 30°, tip 0.3 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 45°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 45°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 60°, tip 0.1 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 60°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 90°, tip 0.2 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01
Engraving bit 90°, tip 0.5 mm	18,000	180	50	0.3	0.01

Twist drill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Twist drill Ø 0.5 mm	10,000	50	50	1	–
Twist drill Ø 0.8 mm	10,000	80	80	1.5	–
Twist drill Ø 1 mm	10,000	100	100	2	–
Twist drill Ø 1.2 mm	10,000	120	120	2.5	–
Twist drill Ø 1.5 mm	10,000	150	150	3	–
Twist drill Ø 2 mm	10,000	200	200	4	–
Twist drill Ø 2.5 mm	10,000	250	250	5	–
Twist drill Ø 3 mm	10,000	300	300	6	–
Twist drill Ø 3.5 mm	10,000	350	350	7	–
Twist drill Ø 4 mm	10,000	400	400	8	–
Twist drill Ø 4.5 mm	10,000	450	450	9	–
Twist drill Ø 5 mm	10,000	500	500	10	–
Twist drill Ø 5.5 mm	10,000	550	550	11	–
Twist drill Ø 6 mm	10,000	600	600	12	–
Twist drill Ø 6.5 mm	10,000	600	600	13	–
Twist drill Ø 7 mm	10,000	600	600	14	–
Twist drill Ø 8 mm	10,000	600	600	16	–

Brad point drill

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Brad point drill Ø 3 mm	10,000	300	300	6	–
Brad point drill Ø 4 mm	10,000	400	400	8	–
Brad point drill Ø 5 mm	10,000	500	500	10	–
Brad point drill Ø 6 mm	10,000	600	600	12	–
Brad point drill Ø 8 mm	10,000	600	600	16	–
Brad point drill Ø 10 mm	10,000	600	600	20	–

Surfacing bit

Bit	SpeedRPM	Feedmm/min	Plungemm/min	Depthmm	Chip loadmm
Surfacing bit Ø 12.7 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 15 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 19.05 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 22 mm2 flutes	14,000	1,400	420	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 25.4 mm3 flutes	14,000	2,100	630	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 25.4 mm3 flutes	14,000	2,100	630	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 31.75 mm3 flutes	14,000	2,100	630	0.5	0.05
Surfacing bit Ø 38 mm3 flutes	14,000	2,100	630	0.5	0.05

What matters with Softwood

Use sharp bits: dull edges push the soft fibres aside instead of cutting them.
Cut the last pass of a profile with a light depth (0.2 to 0.3 mm) to clean up the edges.
Resin-rich spots (pine) clog the bit: clean it in between, otherwise the heat rises.
Upcut for pockets, downcut or compression when the top edge stays visible.

Other materials

CNC feeds and speeds → · Router bit types explained →

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